Chemistry Optional Syllabus for UPSC

The syllabus for the Chemistry optional paper generally covers the following topics:

Paper-I:

1. Atomic Structure:
   • Bohr’s theory and Schrödinger wave equation.
   • Periodicity in properties.
   • Chemical bonding and shape of molecules.
   • Isomerism in inorganic and coordination compounds.
2. Solid State:
   • Crystal lattice and unit cells.
   • Packing of solids, voids, and point defects.
   • Conductivity of semiconductors.
3. Coordination Compounds:
   • Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT.
   • Electronic configurations of metal ions.
   • Isomerism in coordination compounds.
4. Organometallic Compounds:
   • Preparation and reactions of Grignard reagents.
   • Preparation and reactions of organocopper and organotin compounds.
   • Principles of homogeneous catalysis.
5. Nuclear Chemistry:
   • Radioactivity and nuclear reactions.
   • Fission and fusion reactions.
   • Radioanalytical techniques.

Paper-II:

1. Thermodynamics:
   • Laws of thermodynamics and their applications.
   • Thermodynamic functions and their applications.
   • Phase transitions.
2. Reaction Mechanism:
   • Methods of determining reaction mechanisms.
   • Unimolecular and bimolecular reactions.
   • Photochemical reactions.
3. P-block Elements:
   • Group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 elements.
   • Structure and bonding of boron and aluminum compounds.
   • Allotropy of phosphorus and sulfur.
4. Biomolecules:
   • Structure and functions of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates.
   • Enzymes and their kinetics.
   • Bioenergetics.
5. Polymers:
   • Classification, preparation, and properties of polymers.
   • Copolymers and polymerization methods.
   • Biodegradable polymers.

Remember that the detailed syllabus may vary, and you should refer to the most recent UPSC notification for the most accurate and updated information. Additionally, it’s crucial to keep abreast of any changes or updates that UPSC may make to the syllabus.